The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.